Why is my thinking affected by multiple sclerosis? How can I stay smart with MS? Find out more about cognitive problems in MS and our tips to manage them.

Very occasionally, MS might damage the part of the brain responsible for control of breathing. This could result in breathing problems, such as having reduced lung capacity. Find out more in this A-Z entry.

Bladder and bowel problems are common in MS, however this is an area where successful treatments are available and straightforward lifestyle changes can make a real difference.

If you're finding it hard to poo and not pooing as often as usual, you may be experiencing constipation. This is a common bowel symptom that can affect people with multiple sclerosis. Treatment options include lifestyle and dietary changes, laxatives, rectal stimulants and transanal irrigation.

Poor posture is common for people with multiple sclerosis and can lead to problems including pain, pressure sores and reduced independence. We bring together information and practical tips to understand and improve your posture.

Some people with multiple sclerosis experience bladder accidents (urinary incontinence), where bladder control is lost and urine leaks out. Treatment options can include pelvic floor exercises, medication, lifestyle changes and using a catheter.

Some people with multiple sclerosis experience bowel accidents (incontinence). Treatment options include establishing a bowel management routine, strengthening your pelvic floor, retraining your bowel muscles, irrigation of the bowel and surgical options.

Uhthoff's phenomenon or Uhthoff's sign is the temporary worsening of MS symptoms caused by an increase in temperature. It is usually applied to optic neuritis and other visual symptoms but can also refer to motor or sensory symptoms.

Multiple sclerosis can affect vision in several ways. Problems with sight can be an early symptom of MS.

Difficulty swallowing (also known as dysphagia) is a possible symptom of multiple sclerosis. Support is available to help manage the effects of swallowing problems.