Erectile dysfunction in MS can be treated with these medications. Talk to your GP or MS team to get help.

A clinical psychologist or clinical neuropsychologist is a therapist who can help with the impact that MS may have on cognition (thought processes, memory, concentration), thoughts, mood and behaviour.

Psychological therapies (sometimes called talking therapies or psychotherapy) encourage you to challenge negative feelings about coping with multiple sclerosis.

Staying Smart is an online resource for people who want to know, or know more, about how MS can affect thinking.

Tolterodine is used in the treatment of bladder symptoms in multiple sclerosis, when you need to need go to the toilet urgently or frequently. Read more in this A-Z entry. Other names: Blerone, Inconex, Neditol, Preblacon, Santizor,

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug that is used to improve your bladder's ability to store urine. In MS it may be used if you need to go to the toilet frequently, or if you have sudden urges to go to the toilet or find it difficult to 'hold on'. This is known as urinary frequency or urgency.

Nuedexta (dextromethorphan/quinidine) is a drug used to treat pseudobulbar affect – uncontrolled laughing or crying – a potential symptom of multiple sclerosis. It was licensed by the European Medicines Agency in June 2013, however it was withdrawn from use in the European Union in 2016.

Modafinil is a drug that promotes wakefulness and is licensed for treating people who experience excessive sleepiness due to narcolepsy. Research has suggested that it may be an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis fatigue. However, following the findings of a safety review, the European Medicines Agency recommended that the use of modafinil should only be associated with narcolepsy.

Meditation belongs to a group of therapies known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). When practised correctly, it can induce a state of calm.

Massage is used by some people for the relief of pain and musculoskeletal symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It can be relaxing and may help general well-being. Massage is often used in combination with aromatherapy.