Lumbar puncture
A lumbar puncture is a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis that involves removing and analysing a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord within the skull and backbone. It is sometimes referred to as a spinal tap.
A lumbar puncture takes about half an hour under a local anaesthetic. The lumbar region is the section of the backbone between the lowest ribs and the pelvis. A thin, flexible needle is inserted into the base of the spine above the pelvis and a quantity of cerebrospinal fluid is drawn off.
Having a lumbar puncture can be uncomfortable or unsettling. The drop in pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid caused by the removal of a sample can produce a splitting headache for some people. This usually lasts for no more than 24 hours but for some can persist for longer. To reduce the risk of headaches, you should try to lie flat for at least six hours after the procedure and drink plenty of water.
There is a lower risk of headaches and infections following lumbar puncture if the clinician uses a special atraumatic needle, sometimes called a Sprotte needle. These are not always commonly used, but they are recommended for use by the BMJ and you can ask if you are concerned.
Find out more
- What is it like to have a lumbar puncture?
- Facts about MS
- How is MS diagnosed?
- What happens after diagnosis?
- Central nervous system
- Your Lumbar Puncture A visual guide to the process at Barts
References
- Journal of Neuroimmunology 2006;180(1-2):17-28. Summary Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid: an update on methodology and clinical usefulness.
- Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2012;18(7):974–982. Summary The frequency of CSF oligoclonal banding in multiple sclerosis increases with latitude.
- European Journal of Neurology 2014 21(2) 305-311 Summary Change practice now! Using atraumatic needles to prevent post lumbar puncture headache
