Exercise is good for your brain
The study in brief
It is well-known that exercise is good for physical and mental health, but less well-known that exercising also protects and repairs the structures of the brain. This review summarises animal and human studies which demonstrate how physical activity has a direct beneficial effect on brain structures and biological processes.
Animal studies have revealed that physical activity increases the production of new neurons, improves the wiring which connects different parts of the brain, reduces demyelination and promotes remyelination. Recent research in mice has also provided evidence that exercise may create an environment in the brain which is more favourable for the actions of the remyelinating drug clemastine. The authors propose the term "MedXercise" to describe the synergistic effect seen when physical activity is paired with medication.
Studies in people with MS have shown that exercise leads to improvements in the wiring within the brain, reduced brain volume loss, reduced lesion numbers, and reduced activity in brain areas which had been compensating for loss of function.
The reviewers conclude that data from animal models and from people with MS support the view that exercise improves brain and spinal cord structures and functions but acknowledge there is still much to learn.
The study in more detail
Background
In the past, it was felt that since many people with MS experienced fatigue and found their symptoms worsened when hot, it was best to avoid activities that could be seen as tiring.
Regular, moderate exercise is now known to be an important part of maintaining good health and wellbeing for people with MS, helping to reduce fatigue and improve mobility, cognition and mental health. Physical activity also reduces the risk of developing other conditions such as cardiovascular disease.
However, there is more to exercise than physical fitness; research is now uncovering the direct beneficial effects of exercise on the brain. This review summarises animal and human studies which demonstrate how physical activity can affect brain structures and repair processes in multiple sclerosis.
Lessons from animal studies
In animal models of multiple sclerosis, exercise, such as providing access to a running wheel, has been found to delay the onset or reduce the severity of the MS-like condition.
Physical activity increases the production of new neurons, improves the wiring which connects different parts of the brain, reduces demyelination and promotes remyelination.
Exercise achieves this by acting on a range of biological processes. It appears to increase the number and development of oligodendrocytes, cells in the brain and spinal cord which are responsible for producing the myelin coating of nerve cells. Exercise limits inflammation in brain tissues by decreasing damaging cells and brain chemical while at the same time increasing cells and brain chemicals which repair damage. The levels of several brain-protecting molecules, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor, are increased. Physical activity strengthens the blood-brain barrier, preventing harmful immune cells from crossing from the blood stream into brain tissues.
The reviewers highlight a recent study in mice with an MS-like condition. The study looked at combining effect of exercise with clemastine, a drug used to treat allergies such as hay fever. Clemastine has been found to encourage immature oligodendrocytes to develop into cells capable of making myelin. The study found that when given alone, both exercise and clemastine increased remyelination. But when the two were given together, remyelination was further enhanced; more nerve fibres survived and almost all were remyelinated. The authors suggest that exercise creates an environment in the brain which is more favourable for the actions of a remyelinating drug and propose the term “MedXercise” to describe this synergistic effect seen when physical activity is paired with medication.
Exercise and the brain in people with MS
The effects of exercise in people with MS have been investigated using MRI techniques. This has demonstrated improvements in the wiring within the brain, reduced brain volume loss, reduced lesion numbers, and reduced activity in other brain areas which had been compensating for loss of function. Exercise improves cognitive symptoms and increases blood levels of brain-protecting molecules. Studies have also demonstrated benefits of different types of physiotherapy on MRI measures of brain structure which suggest neuroprotection or even myelin repair.
What does it mean?
The reviewers conclude that data from animal models and from people with MS support the view that exercise improves brain and spinal cord structures and functions. They acknowledge there is still much to learn:
- does age or disability level influence the potential benefits of exercise on the brain?
- what difference does the timing (for example after a relapse), intensity or type of exercise have on brain repair?
- how can people benefit from exercise without causing other problems such as heat sensitivity or pain?
- would a combination of exercise and remyelinating drug also have an enhanced effect on brain repair in people living with MS?
Lozinski BM, Yong VW.
Exercise and the brain in multiple sclerosis.
Multiple Sclerosis 2020 Oct 30:1352458520969099 [Epub ahead of print].
Summary
More about exercising with MS
Exercise can be something energetic or something more leisurely. There is no right or wrong exercise. However, the nature of MS may mean that you have to be more aware of your limits. If you have concerns about doing certain activities, talk to a health professional (eg your neurologist, GP, MS nurse, physiotherapist or occupational therapist) beforehand. You have to learn to listen to your own body and to be honest with what it is telling you. As recovery time can be longer for someone with MS, be prepared to stop before your body tells you that you've reached your limit.
Visit our website to find out more about how exercise can help people with MS, how to get started and different types of exercise to suit different needs and abilities. You can follow along to exercise videos or build your own routines, and get tips and advice from other people with MS.
Watch Professor Yong's presentation of the research covered in this review at the 2020 MS Connect Conference, organised by the MS Society of Canada.
Browse more from the latest research
Causes of MS
Houen G, Trier NH, Frederiksen JL.
Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis
Front Immunol. 2020 Dec 17;11:587078. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587078. eCollection 2020.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Nielsen NM, Gørtz S, Hjalgrim H, Rostgaard K, Munger KL, Ascherio A, Magyari M, Stenager E, Frisch M.
Maternal diabetes and risk of multiple sclerosis in the offspring: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Mult Scler. 2020 Dec 17:1352458520977120. doi: 10.1177/1352458520977120. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Childhood MS
Stephens S, Berenbaum T, Finlayson M, Motl RW, Yeh EA.
Youth with multiple sclerosis have low levels of fitness
Mult Scler. 2020 Nov 27:1352458520974360. doi: 10.1177/1352458520974360. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Co-existing conditions
Joseph B, Nandakumar AL, Ahmed AT, Gopal N, Murad MH, Frye MA, Tobin WO, Singh B.
Prevalence of bipolar disorder in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Evid Based Ment Health. 2020 Dec 16:ebmental-2020-300207. doi: 10.1136/ebmental-2020-300207. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Neuà F, von Podewils F, Wang ZI, SüÃe M, Zettl UK, Grothe M.
Epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, competing causes and diagnostic accuracy
J Neurol. 2020 Dec 15. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10346-z. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Marrie RA, Maxwell C, Mahar A, Ekuma O, McClintock C, Seitz D, Webber C, Groome PA.
Cancer incidence and mortality rates in multiple sclerosis: a matched cohort study
Neurology. 2021 Jan 26;96(4):e501-e512. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011219. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Summary(link is external)
Demetgul O, Duman T, Guntel M.
Investigation of the association between headache type, frequency, and clinical and radiological findings in patients with multiple sclerosis
Neurol India. 2020 Nov-Dec;68(6):1333-1337. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.304126.
Summary(link is external)
Ghajarzadeh M, Mohammadi A, Sahraian MA.
Risk of cancer in multiple sclerosis (MS): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Oct;19(10):102650. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102650. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
Summary(link is external)
Coronavirus and Covid-19
Adamczyk-Sowa M, Mado H, Kubicka-BÄczyk K, Jaroszewicz J, Sobala-SzczygieÅ B, Bartman W, Sowa P.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying therapy
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020 Dec 29;201:106451. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106451. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Bonavita S, Sparaco M, Russo A, Borriello G, Lavorgna L.
Perceived stress and social support in a large population of people with multiple sclerosis recruited online through the COVID-19 pandemic
Eur J Neurol. 2020 Dec 23. doi: 10.1111/ene.14697. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Barun B, GabeliÄ T, Adamec I, BabiÄ A, LaliÄ H, BatiniÄ D, Krbot SkoriÄ M, Habek M.
Influence of delaying ocrelizumab dosing in multiple sclerosis due to COVID-19 pandemics on clinical and laboratory effectiveness
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 21;48:102704. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102704. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Zabalza A, Cárdenas-Robledo S, Tagliani P, Arrambide G, Otero-Romero S, Carbonell-Mirabent P, Rodriguez-Barranco M, RodrÃguez-Acevedo B, Restrepo Vera JL, Resina-Salles M, Midaglia L, Vidal-Jordana A, RÃo J, Galan I, Castillo J, Cobo-Calvo Ã, Comabella M, Nos C, Sastre-Garriga J, Tintore M, Montalban X.
COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients: susceptibility, severity risk factors and serological response
Eur J Neurol. 2020 Dec 19. doi: 10.1111/ene.14690. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Manacorda T, Bandiera P, Terzuoli F, Ponzio M, Brichetto G, Zaratin P, Bezzini D, Battaglia MA.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on persons with multiple sclerosis: Early findings from a survey on disruptions in care and self-reported outcomes
J Health Serv Res Policy. 2020 Dec 18:1355819620975069. doi: 10.1177/1355819620975069. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Möhn N, Konen FF, Pul R, Kleinschnitz C, Prüss H, Witte T, Stangel M, Skripuletz T.
Experience in multiple sclerosis patients with COVID-19 and disease-modifying therapies: a review of 873 published cases
J Clin Med. 2020 Dec 16;9(12):4067. doi: 10.3390/jcm9124067.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Capasso N, Palladino R, Montella E, Pennino F, Lanzillo R, Carotenuto A, Petracca M, Iodice R, Iovino A, Aruta F, Pastore V, Buonomo AR, Zappulo E, Gentile I, Triassi M, Brescia Morra V, Moccia M.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in multiple sclerosis: the hidden part of the iceberg
J Clin Med. 2020 Dec 16;9(12):4066. doi: 10.3390/jcm9124066.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Moore L, Ghannam M, Manousakis G.
A first presentation of multiple sclerosis with concurrent COVID-19 infection
eNeurologicalSci. 2021 Mar;22:100299. doi: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100299. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Rath L, Bui MV, Ellis J, Carey J, Baker J, Taylor L, Fernando H, Taylor N, Savage P, Richards J, Zhong M, Kalincik T, Skibina O, Wesselingh R, Nguyen AL, Monif M, Butzkueven H, van der Walt A.
Fast and safe: Optimising multiple sclerosis infusions during COVID-19 pandemic
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 1;47:102642. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102642. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Nozzolillo A, Moiola L, Filippi M.
COVID-19 in cladribine-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: a monocentric experience
J Neurol. 2020 Nov 20:1-3. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10309-4. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Laroni A, Schiavetti I, Sormani MP, Uccelli A.
COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis undergoing disease-modifying treatments
Mult Scler. 2020 Nov 18:1352458520971817. doi: 10.1177/1352458520971817. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Kalron A, Dolev M, Greenberg-Abrahami M, Menascu S, Frid L, Avrech-Shezifi S, Harari G, Magalashvili D, Achiron A.
Physical activity behavior in people with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: Results of an online survey
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Oct 27;47:102603. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102603. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Alschuler KN, von Geldern G, Ball D, Costello K, Skeen M, Chahin S, Wundes A.
Rapid transfer of knowledge for multiple sclerosis clinical care during COVID-19: ECHO MS
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102600. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102600. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Talaat F, Ramadan I, Aly S, Hamdy E.
Are multiple sclerosis patients and their caregivers more anxious and more committed to following the basic preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102580. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102580. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Chaudhry F, Bulka H, Rathnam AS, Said OM, Lin J, Lorigan H, Bernitsas E, Rube J, Korzeniewski SJ, Memon AB, Levy PD, Schultz L, Javed A, Lisak R, Cerghet M.
COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients and risk factors for severe infection
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Nov 15;418:117147. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117147. Epub 2020 Sep 19.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Vogel AC, Schmidt H, Loud S, McBurney R, Mateen FJ.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health care of >1,000 People living with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102512. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102512. Epub 2020 Sep 19.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Seery N, Li V, Nguyen AL, Roos I, Buzzard KA, Atvars R, Taylor N, Tunnell K, Carey J, Dwyer C, Taylor HFL, Baker J, Marriott MP, Kilpatrick TJ, Kalincik T, Monif M.
Evaluating the perspective of patients with MS and related conditions on their DMT in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic in one MS centre in Australia
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102516. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102516. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Maillart E, Papeix C, Lubetzki C, Roux T, Pourcher V, Louapre C.
Beyond COVID-19: DO MS/NMO-SD patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies develop SARS-CoV2 antibodies?
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102482. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102482. Epub 2020 Sep 3.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Sahraian MA, Azimi A, Navardi S, Ala S, Naser Moghadasi A.
Evaluation of the rate of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and death among Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102472. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102472. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Celius EG.
Normal antibody response after COVID-19 during treatment with cladribine
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102476. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102476. Epub 2020 Aug 29.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Jack D, Nolting A, Galazka A.
Favorable outcomes after COVID-19 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102469. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102469. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Mantero V, Abate L, Balgera R, Basilico P, Salmaggi A, Cordano C.
Assessing the susceptibility to acute respiratory illness COVID-19-related in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102453. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102453. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Fiorella C, Lorna G.
COVID-19 in a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient treated with alemtuzumab: Insight to the immune response after COVID
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102447. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102447. Epub 2020 Aug 10.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Mateen FJ, Rezaei S, Alakel N, Gazdag B, Kumar AR, Vogel A.
Impact of COVID-19 on U.S. and Canadian neurologists' therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices
J Neurol. 2020 Dec;267(12):3467-3475. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10045-9. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Bollo L, Guerra T, Bavaro DF, Monno L, Saracino A, Angarano G, Paolicelli D, Trojano M, Iaffaldano P.
Seroconversion and indolent course of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod and teriflunomide
J Neurol Sci. 2020 Sep 15;416:117011. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117011. Epub 2020 Jul 4.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Crescenzo F, Marastoni D, Bovo C, Calabrese M.
Frequency and severity of COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: A short single-site report from northern Italy
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102372. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102372. Epub 2020 Jul 4.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Thornton JR, Harel A.
Negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing following COVID-19 infection in two MS patients treated with ocrelizumab
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102341. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102341. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Lucchini M, Bianco A, Del Giacomo P, De Fino C, Nociti V, Mirabella M.
Is serological response to SARS-CoV-2 preserved in MS patients on ocrelizumab treatment? A case report
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102323. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102323. Epub 2020 Jun 22.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Guevara C, Villa E, Cifuentes M, Naves R, Grazia J.
Mild COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis and severe depletion of T-lymphocyte subsets due to alemtuzumab
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102314. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102314. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Conte WL.
Attenuation of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in a patient on ocrelizumab with hypogammaglobulinemia
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102315. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102315. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Meca-Lallana V, Aguirre C, Beatrizdel RÃo, Cardeñoso L, Alarcon T, Vivancos J.
COVID-19 in 7 multiple sclerosis patients in treatment with ANTI-CD20 therapies
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102306. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102306. Epub 2020 Jun 15.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
MatÃas-Guiu J, Montero-Escribano P, Pytel V, Porta-Etessam J, Matias-Guiu JA.
Potential COVID-19 infection in patients with severe multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102297. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102297. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Buonomo A, Brescia Morra V, Zappulo E, Lanzillo R, Gentile I, Montella E, Triassi M, Palladino R, Moccia M.
COVID-19 prevention and multiple sclerosis management: The SAFE pathway for the post-peak
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102282. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102282. Epub 2020 Jun 10.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Aguirre C, Meca-Lallana V, Barrios-Blandino A, Del RÃo B, Vivancos J.
Covid-19 in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab: May the blockade of integrins have a protective role?
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Sep;44:102250. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102250. Epub 2020 Jun 3.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Disease modifying drugs
Kalincik T, Diouf I, Sharmin S, Malpas C, Spelman T, Horakova D, Havrdova EK, Trojano M, Izquierdo G, Lugaresi A, Prat A, Girard M, Duquette P, Grammond P, Jokubaitis V, van der Walt A, Grand'Maison F, Sola P, Ferraro D, Shaygannejad V, Alroughani R, Hupperts R, Terzi M, Boz C, Lechner-Scott J, Pucci E, Van Pesch V, Granella F, Bergamaschi R, Spitaleri D, Slee M, Vucic S, Ampapa R, McCombe P, Ramo-Tello C, Prevost J, Olascoaga J, Cristiano E, Barnett M, Saladino ML, Sanchez-Menoyo JL, Hodgkinson S, Rozsa C, Hughes S, Moore F, Shaw C, Butler E, Skibina O, Gray O, Kermode A, Csepany T, Singhal B, Shuey N, Piroska I, Taylor B, Simo M, Sirbu CA, Sas A, Butzkueven H; MSBase Study group.
Effect of disease modifying therapy on disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis over 15 years
Neurology. 2020 Dec 28:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011242. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011242. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Vermersch P, Galazka A, Dangond F, Damian D, Wong SL, Jack D, Harty G.
Efficacy of cladribine tablets in high disease activity patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: Post hoc analysis of subgroups with and without prior disease-modifying drug treatment
Curr Med Res Opin. 2020 Dec 17:1. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1865888. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Benedict RHB, Tomic D, Cree BA, Fox R, Giovannoni G, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Vermersch P, Pohlmann H, Wright I, Karlsson G, Dahlke F, Wolf C, Kappos L.
Siponimod and cognition in Sscondary progressive multiple sclerosis: EXPAND secondary analyses
Neurology. 2021 Jan 19;96(3):e376-e386. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011275. Epub 2020 Dec 16.
Summary(link is external)
Ayrignac X, Bigaut K, Pelletier J, de Seze J, Demortiere S, Collongues N, Maarouf A, Pinna F, Aouinti S, Carra Dallière C, Kremer L, Charif M, Picot MC, Labauge P.
First line treatment failure: predictive factors in a cohort of 863 relapsing remitting MS patients
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 13;48:102686. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102686. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Rammohan K, Coyle PK, Sylvester E, Galazka A, Dangond F, Grosso M, Leist TP.
The development of cladribine tablets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review
Drugs. 2020 Dec;80(18):1901-1928. doi: 10.1007/s40265-020-01422-9.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Neuberger EE, Abbass IM, Jones E, Engmann NJ.
Work productivity outcomes associated with ocrelizumab compared with other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis
Neurol Ther. 2020 Nov 26. doi: 10.1007/s40120-020-00224-1. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Cree BA, Magnusson B, Rouyrre N, Fox RJ, Giovannoni G, Vermersch P, Bar-Or A, Gold R, Piani Meier D, Karlsson G, Tomic D, Wolf C, Dahlke F, Kappos L.
Siponimod: Disentangling disability and relapses in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler. 2020 Nov 18:1352458520971819. doi: 10.1177/1352458520971819. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Zivadinov R, Dwyer MG, Carl E, Poole EM, Cavalier S, Briassouli P, Bergsland N.
Slowing of brain atrophy with teriflunomide and delayed conversion to clinically definite MS
Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2020 Nov 11;13:1756286420970754. doi: 10.1177/1756286420970754. eCollection 2020.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Leist T, Cook S, Comi G, Montalban X, Giovannoni G, Nolting A, Damian D, Syed S, Galazka A.
Long-term safety data from the cladribine tablets clinical development program in multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102572. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102572. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Liang G, Chai J, Ng HS, Tremlett H.
Safety of dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102566. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102566. Epub 2020 Oct 5.
Summary(link is external)
Hauser SL, Kappos L, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, Brochet B, Naismith RT, Traboulsee A, Wolinsky JS, Belachew S, Koendgen H, Levesque V, Manfrini M, Model F, Hubeaux S, Mehta L, Montalban X.
Five years of ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis: OPERA studies open-label extension
Neurology. 2020 Sep 29;95(13):e1854-e1867. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010376. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Meuth SG, Bayas A, Kallmann B, Kleinschnitz C, Linker R, Rieckmann P, Mäurer M.
Long-term management of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets: an expert opinion
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;21(16):1965-1969. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1792885. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Summary(link is external)
Campbell TL, Lefaux BJ, Mayer LL, Namey M, Riemer G, Robles-Sanchez MA, White S, Edwards M, Minor C.
Nursing management of gastrointestinal adverse events associated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate: a global Delphi approach
J Neurosci Nurs. 2020 Apr;52(2):72-77. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000495.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Jonker MF, Donkers B, Goossens LMA, Hoefman RJ, Jabbarian LJ, de Bekker-Grob EW, Versteegh MM, Harty G, Wong SL.
Summarizing patient preferences for the competitive landscape of multiple sclerosis treatment options
Med Decis Making. 2020 Feb;40(2):198-211. doi: 10.1177/0272989X19897944. Epub 2020 Feb 17.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Meca-Lallana J, Ayuso T, MartÃnez-Yelamos S, Durán C, Contreras MartÃn Y, Herrera Navarro N, Pérez Sempere A, Ãlvarez-Cermeño JC, Millán Pascual J, Meca-Lallana V, Romero Sevilla R, Ricart J.
Effectiveness of fingolimod versus natalizumab as second-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Spain: second-line GATE study
Eur Neurol. 2020;83(1):25-33. doi: 10.1159/000505778. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Drugs in development
Lassiter G, Melancon C, Rooney T, Murat AM, Kaye JS, Kaye AM, Kaye RJ, Cornett EM, Kaye AD, Shah RJ, Viswanath O, Urits I.
Ozanimod to treat relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review of disease, drug efficacy and side effects
Neurol Int. 2020 Dec 3;12(3):89-108. doi: 10.3390/neurolint12030016.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Naismith RT, Bermel RA, Coffey CS, Goodman AD, Fedler J, Kearney M, Klawiter EC, Nakamura K, Narayanan S, Goebel C, Yankey J, Klingner E, Fox RJ; SPRINT-MS investigators.
Effects of ibudilast on MRI measures in the phase 2 SPRINT-MS study
Neurology. 2021 Jan 26;96(4):e491-e500. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011314. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Summary(link is external)
Piehl F.
Current and emerging disease-modulatory therapies and treatment targets for multiple sclerosis
J Intern Med. 2020 Dec 1. doi: 10.1111/joim.13215. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Cree BAC, Cutter G, Wolinsky JS, Freedman MS, Comi G, Giovannoni G, Hartung HP, Arnold D, Kuhle J, Block V, Munschauer FE, Sedel F, Lublin FD; SPI2 investigative teams.
Safety and efficacy of MD1003 (high-dose biotin) in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (SPI2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Lancet Neurol. 2020 Dec;19(12):988-997. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30347-1. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Summary(link is external)
Baldin E, Lugaresi A.
Ponesimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020 Nov;21(16):1955-1964. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1799977. Epub 2020 Aug 18.
Summary(link is external)
Epidemiology
Carod-Artal FJ.
The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Scottish Highlands: Prevalence, incidence and time to confirmed diagnosis and treatment initiation
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov 28;47:102657. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102657. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Torkildsen Ã, Linker RA, Sesmero JM, Fantaccini S, la Rosa RS, Seze J, Duddy M, Chan A.
Living with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in Europe: perspectives of multiple stakeholders
Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2021 Feb;11(1):9-19. doi: 10.2217/nmt-2020-0054. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Hua LH, Hersh CM, Tian F, Mowry EM, Fitzgerald KC.
Clinical characteristics of a large multi-center cohort of people with multiple sclerosis over age 60
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov 23;47:102637. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102637. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Iaffaldano P, Lucisano G, Patti F, Brescia Morra V, De Luca G, Lugaresi A, Zaffaroni M, Inglese M, Salemi G, Cocco E, Conte A, Ferraro D, Galgani S, Bergamaschi R, Pozzilli C, Salvetti M, Lus G, Rovaris M, Maniscalco GT, Logullo FO, Paolicelli D, Achille M, Marrazzo G, Lovato V, Comi G, Filippi M, Amato MP, Trojano M; Italian MS Register.
Transition to secondary progression in relapsing-onset multiple sclerosis: Definitions and risk factors
Mult Scler. 2020 Nov 19:1352458520974366. doi: 10.1177/1352458520974366. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Lebrun-Frenay C, Kantarci O, Siva A, Sormani MP, Pelletier D, Okuda DT; 10-year RISC study group on behalf of SFSEP, OFSEP.
Radiologically isolated syndrome: 10-year risk estimate of a clinical event
Ann Neurol. 2020 Aug;88(2):407-417. doi: 10.1002/ana.25799. Epub 2020 Jun 29.
Summary(link is external)
Families
Neate SL, Taylor KL, Nag N, Jelinek GA, Simpson-Yap S, Bevens W, Weiland TJ.
Views of the future of partners of people with multiple sclerosis who attended a lifestyle modification workshop: a qualitative analysis of perspectives and experiences
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 24;18(1):85. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010085.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Thomson A, Dobson R, Baker D, Giovannoni G.
Digesting science: Developing educational activities about multiple sclerosis, prevention and treatment to increase the confidence of affected families
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov 13;47:102624. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102624. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Gender
Khayambashi S, Salter A, Tyry T, Cutter GR, Fox RJ, Marrie RA.
Gender identity and sexual orientation affect health care satisfaction, but not utilization, in persons with multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Jan;37:101440. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101440. Epub 2019 Oct 12.
Summary(link is external)
Other treatments
S G, Hb S, K L, R T, Bs R, Ps S, F S, Ab O.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose medical cannabis oils in multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 30;48:102708. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102708. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Nguyen J, Hardigan P, Kesselman MM, Demory Beckler M.
Immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine in multiple sclerosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 15;48:102698. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102698. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Esposito S, Sparaco M, Maniscalco GT, Signoriello E, Lanzillo R, Russo C, Carmisciano L, Cepparulo S, Lavorgna L, Gallo A, Trojsi F, Brescia Morra V, Lus G, Tedeschi G, Saccà F, Signori A, Bonavita S.
Lifestyle and Mediterranean diet adherence in a cohort of Southern Italian patients with multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov 22;47:102636. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102636. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Mamoei S, Jensen HB, Dalgas U, Zijdewind I, Pedersen AK, Nygaard MKE, Eskildsen SF, Stenager E.
A cross-sectional comparison of performance, neurophysiological and MRI outcomes of responders and non-responders to fampridine treatment in multiple sclerosis - An explorative study
J Clin Neurosci. 2020 Dec;82(Pt A):179-185. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.10.034. Epub 2020 Nov 15.
Summary(link is external)
Pregnancy and childbirth
Houtchens MK, Edwards NC, Hayward B, Mahony MC, Phillips AL.
Live birth rates, infertility diagnosis, and infertility treatment in women with and without multiple sclerosis: Data from an administrative claims database
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102541. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102541. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Prognosis
Allen CM, Mowry E, Tintore M, Evangelou N.
Prognostication and contemporary management of clinically isolated syndrome
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 24:jnnp-2020-323087. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323087. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Malpas CB, Manouchehrinia A, Sharmin S, Roos I, Horakova D, Havrdova EK, Trojano M, Izquierdo G, Eichau S, Bergamaschi R, Sola P, Ferraro D, Lugaresi A, Prat A, Girard M, Duquette P, Grammond P, Grand'Maison F, Ozakbas S, Van Pesch V, Granella F, Hupperts R, Pucci E, Boz C, Sidhom Y, Gouider R, Spitaleri D, Soysal A, Petersen T, Verheul F, Karabudak R, Turkoglu R, Ramo-Tello C, Terzi M, Cristiano E, Slee M, McCombe P, Macdonell R, Fragoso Y, Olascoaga J, Altintas A, Olsson T, Butzkueven H, Hillert J, Kalincik T.
Early clinical markers of aggressive multiple sclerosis
Brain. 2020 May 1;143(5):1400-1413. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa081.
Summary(link is external)
Provision of care
Gao W, Wilson R, Hepgul N, Yi D, Evans C, Bajwah S, Crosby V, Wilcock A, Lindsay F, Byrne A, Young C, Groves K, Smith C, Burman R, Chaudhuri KR, Silber E, Higginson IJ; OPTCARE Neuro Trial Investigators.
Effect of short-term integrated palliative care on patient-reported outcomes among patients severely affected with long-term neurological conditions: a randomized clinical trial
JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Aug 3;3(8):e2015061. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.15061.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Psychological aspects
Ochoa-Morales A, Fresan-Orellana A, Hernández-Mojica T, Jara-Prado A, Corona-Vázquez T, Flores-Rivera JJ, Rito-GarcÃa CY, Rivas-Alonso V, Guerrero-Camacho JL, Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano DJ.
Perceived discrimination in patients with multiple sclerosis and depressive symptomatology
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Dec 28;48:102705. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102705. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Hunter R, Parry B, Thomas C.
Fears for the future: A qualitative exploration of the experiences of individuals living with multiple sclerosis, and its impact upon the family from the perspective of the person with MS
Br J Health Psychol. 2020 Dec 19. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12495. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Gil-González I, MartÃn-RodrÃguez A, Conrad R, Pérez-San-Gregorio MÃ.
Quality of life in adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
BMJ Open. 2020 Nov 30;10(11):e041249. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041249.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Ploughman M, Downer MB, Pretty RW, Wallack EM, Amirkhanian S, Kirkland MC; Health, Lifestyle and Aging with MS Canadian Consortium.
The impact of resilience on healthy aging with multiple sclerosis
Qual Life Res. 2020 Oct;29(10):2769-2779. doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02521-6. Epub 2020 May 20.
Summary(link is external)
Malekzadeh M, Hashemi Mohammadabad N, Kharamin S, Haghighi S.
The effectiveness of group-based cognitive hypnotherapy on the psychological well-being of patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
Am J Clin Hypn. 2020 Apr;62(4):364-379. doi: 10.1080/00029157.2019.1709149.
Summary(link is external)
Rehabilitation
Gunn H, Stevens KN, Creanor S, Andrade J, Paul L, Miller L, Green C, Ewings P, Barton A, Berrow M, Vickery J, Marshall B, Zajicek J, Freeman JA.
Balance Right in Multiple Sclerosis (BRiMS): a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a falls prevention programme
Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2021 Jan 4;7(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00732-9.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Seddighi-Khavidak M, Tahan N, Akbarzadeh-Baghban A.
Comparing the effects of vestibular rehabilitation with and without lavender oil scents as an olfactory stimulus on balance, fear of falling down and activities of daily living of people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial
Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Dec 11:1-7. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1858352. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Tekeoglu Tosun A, Ipek Y, Razak Ozdincler A, Saip S.
The efficiency of mirror therapy on drop foot in multiple sclerosis patients
Acta Neurol Scand. 2020 Dec 3. doi: 10.1111/ane.13385. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Langeskov-Christensen M, Grøndahl Hvid L, Nygaard MKE, Ringgaard S, Jensen HB, Nielsen HH, Petersen T, Stenager E, Eskildsen SF, Dalgas U.
Efficacy of high-intensity aerobic exercise on brain MRI measures in multiple sclerosis
Neurology. 2021 Jan 12;96(2):e203-e213. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011241. Epub 2020 Dec 1.
Summary(link is external)
Sonke J, Langley J, Whiteside B, Gyang T, Borgert B, Mason K, Johnson E, Riley D, Cassidy C, Hanna G, Sollero C.
Movement for multiple sclerosis: a multi-site partnership for practice and research
Arts Health. 2020 Nov 25:1-9. doi: 10.1080/17533015.2020.1852435. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Langeskov-Christensen M, Hvid LG, Jensen HB, Nielsen HH, Petersen T, Stenager E, Hämäläinen P, Dalgas U.
Efficacy of high-intensity aerobic exercise on cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
Mult Scler. 2020 Nov 24:1352458520973619. doi: 10.1177/1352458520973619. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Martin-Sanchez C, Calvo-Arenillas JI, Barbero-Iglesias FJ, Fonseca E, Sanchez-Santos JM, Martin-Nogueras AM.
Effects of 12-week inspiratory muscle training with low resistance in patients with multiple sclerosis: A non-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102574. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102574. Epub 2020 Oct 8.
Summary(link is external)
Chaves AR, Devasahayam AJ, Kelly LP, Pretty RW, Ploughman M.
Exercise-induced brain excitability changes in progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study
J Neurol Phys Ther. 2020 Apr;44(2):132-144. doi: 10.1097/NPT.0000000000000308.
Summary(link is external)
Lehmann I, Thaler I, Luder G, Damm U, Wälti C, Steinheimer S, Verra ML, Müri RM, Nyffeler T, Vanbellingen T, Kamm CP.
Standardized, comprehensive, hospital-based circuit training in people with multiple sclerosis: results on feasibility, adherence and satisfaction of the training intervention
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Jun;56(3):279-285. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06191-2. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Garner LM, Fasczewski KS, Migliarese SJ.
Does a medical therapeutic yoga group intervention remediate impairments commonly found in people with multiple sclerosis? A pilot study
J Allied Health. 2020 Winter;49(4):246-251.
Summary(link is external)
Self-management
Schleimer E, Pearce J, Barnecut A, Rowles W, Lizee A, Klein A, Block VJ, Santaniello A, Renschen A, Gomez R, Keshavan A, Gelfand JM, Henry RG, Hauser SL, Bove R.
A precision medicine tool for patients with multiple sclerosis (the Open MS BioScreen): human-centered design and development
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jul 6;22(7):e15605. doi: 10.2196/15605.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Stem cells
Roberts F, Hobbs H, Jessop H, Bozzolini C, Burman J, Greco R, Ismail A, Kazmi M, Kirgizov K, Mancardi G, Mawson S, Muraro PA, Puyade M, Saccardi R, Withers B, Verhoeven B, Sharrack B, Snowden JA.
Rehabilitation before and after autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS): consensus guidelines and recommendations for best clinical practice on behalf of the Autoimmune Diseases Working Party, Nurses Group, and Patient Advocacy Committee of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)
Front Neurol. 2020 Dec 11;11:556141. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.556141. eCollection 2020.
Summary(link is external)
Giedraitiene N, Kizlaitiene R, Peceliunas V, Griskevicius L, Kaubrys G.
Selective cognitive dysfunction and physical disability improvement after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in highly active multiple sclerosis
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 4;10(1):21286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78160-1.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Petrou P, Kassis I, Levin N, Paul F, Backner Y, Benoliel T, Oertel FC, Scheel M, Hallimi M, Yaghmour N, Hur TB, Ginzberg A, Levy Y, Abramsky O, Karussis D.
Beneficial effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in active progressive multiple sclerosis
Brain. 2020 Dec 1;143(12):3574-3588. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaa333.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E.
Mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis: recent evidence from pre-clinical to clinical studies
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Nov 17;21(22):8662. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228662.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Symptoms and symptom management
Wnuk M, Drabik L, Marona M, Szaleniec J, Bryll A, Karcz P, Kolasinska J, Kolasinska M, Ziekiewicz M, Skladzien J, Popiela T, Slowik A.
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies
Ear Nose Throat J. 2020 Nov 25:145561320973777. doi: 10.1177/0145561320973777. Online ahead of print.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Shahpouri MM, Barekatain M, Tavakoli M, Mirmosayyeb O, Safaei A, Shaygannejad V.
Comparison of cognitive rehabilitation versus donepezil therapy on memory performance, attention, quality of life, and depression among multiple sclerosis patients
Neurol Res Int. 2020 Nov 22;2020:8874424. doi: 10.1155/2020/8874424. eCollection 2020.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)
Kister I, Bacon T, Cutter GR.
A longitudinal study of symptom botheration in multiple sclerosis
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102585. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102585. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
Summary(link is external)
de Almeida GM, Scola RH, Ducci RDP, Cirino RHD, Cláudia SKK, Lorenzoni PJ, Lima PHS, de Oliveira LP, Werneck LC.
Does oral salbutamol improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis? A pilot placebo-controlled study
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020 Nov;46:102586. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102586. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Summary(link is external)
Tam J, Gross MD, Cheung A, Melville PM, Kim JM, Weissbart SJ.
Fluid intake and urinary symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis
J Urol. 2020 Dec;204(6):1284-1289. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000001309. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
Summary(link is external)
Manglani HR, Samimy S, Schirda B, Nicholas JA, Prakash RS.
Effects of 4-week mindfulness training versus adaptive cognitive training on processing speed and working memory in multiple sclerosis
Neuropsychology. 2020 Jul;34(5):591-604. doi: 10.1037/neu0000633. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
Summary(link is external)
Vitamin D
Vickaryous N, Jitlal M, Jacobs BM, Middleton R, Chandran S, MacDougall NJJ, Giovannoni G, Dobson R.
Remote testing of vitamin D levels across the UK MS population-A case control study
PLoS One. 2020 Dec 30;15(12):e0241459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241459. eCollection 2020.
Summary(link is external)
Read the full text of this paper (link is external)


Ozanimod (Zeposia) approved for relapsing remitting MS in Scotland
8 Feb 2021 - 00:00
The MS Trust is delighted that ozanimod (Zeposia) has been approved in Scotland for people with active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.


Covid-19 vaccines and MS: Part two
29 Jan 2021 - 00:00
Following our last interview on the subject of the Covid-19 vaccine and people with MS, we received a lot of follow up questions. To answer some of these, we spoke once again to Professor Alasdair Coles, Consultant Neurologist at Addenbrooke’s hospital.


Ozanimod (Zeposia) for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis rejected by NICE
22 Jan 2021 - 00:00
The MS Trust is very disappointed that NICE does not recommend ozanimod (Zeposia) as an NHS treatment in England and Wales.

Sign up to our emails
Get the latest news and research sent straight to your inbox. Find out first about the latest developments in MS treatments, plus updates on the work of the MS Trust.